Are we desacralizing Dec. 25 with “Midnight Masses” earlier and earlier the day before? What’s your opinion?
Over dinner a few weeks ago, I spoke with a group of five parish priests about something that had me concerned, or at least had piqued my curiosity. What did they think about the shift towards earlier “Midnight Masses” on the 24th as a way of making Christmas liturgies more convenient, especially for families and the elderly?
A few thought that the trend reflected a healthy desire for families to celebrate together at a time when there was less stress, and said that it was a sensitive pastoral response to a real challenge faced by many parishioners; some noted that attendance in their parish on Christmas Day fallen dramatically; some questioned the long-term affect of the shift to Dec. 24 as the day for worship. Most were realists, though, sensing that parishioners had already voted with their feet, and had moved away from Dec. 25. “Far fewer people go to Mass on Christmas Day in my parish,” said one pastor. “But our afternoon Masses on the 24th are packed.” The old joke about the person who calls the rectory to ask, "What time is your Midnight Mass?" is no longer a joke.
What had piqued my curiosity was a comment from a friend last Christmas. “Boy,” she said, “I’m so glad I can go to Mass the day before and get it over with!” That sentiment had me a little concerned. Is Dec. 24 the day to “get it over with”?
A little background: There are four Masses that begin the Christmas season, each with different readings: the Vigil Mass, the Mass during the Night (often called in English-speaking countries the “Midnight Mass”), the Mass at Dawn and the Mass during the Day. My question, then, is not whether the Masses are valid, or whether going to Midnight Mass is a good thing. (They are, and it is.) Rather, do the earlier and earlier Masses—say 8:00, 4:00 and, as I heard recently, 3:00—on the 24th alter our appreciation of Christmas? It’s an open question.
To help me understand this, I asked John Baldovin, S.J., professor of historical and liturgical theology at Boston College, and the author of several books on the liturgy, about the recent history of this shift towards earlier Christmas celebrations. “It caught on once we allowed, towards the end of the 1950s and 1960s, the Saturday Vigil Mass. Once that happened, the movement towards earlier Christmas Masses was inevitable.”
"But parishes are moving the Masses earlier and earlier,” he explained, “and often are using the readings for the next day’s Mass. For example, I’ll celebrate a 4 PM Mass on Christmas Eve, and we’ll use the Christmas Day readings.”
When I was young, there seemed to be plenty of time to wake up early, open presents, eat breakfast and make it in time for Mass during Christmas morning. But that was 40 years ago. By way of updating, and taking something of a random sample, I decided to ask some people on my Facebook “fan page” (an unfortunate name, but it’s the public page, as distinguished from the private one). Early one morning, I posted the question about the movement. I was shocked to get almost 140 responses in a few days. (You can find the answers here on FB.) And people were passionate about it.
Not surprisingly, many spoke about the pressing demands on families at Christmas. One woman wrote, “Many families, like ours, have to travel on Christmas Day to have dinner--we go to [a town] an hour and a half away, to my brother's. Rather than rush through morning Mass thinking about all that, Mass on Christmas Eve is meaningful and beautiful. And without small children, there is nothing to compare with the opening hymn of Midnight Mass, as the procession begins after the long Advent.” Another wrote, “I love the early Vigil Mass for the young children and grandchildren. It gives an opportunity during the evening to talk about the Baby Jesus’s birth. It certainly does not ‘get it out of the way.’ It prepares the way for Jesus’s birth on Christmas morning.”
A Jesuit friend suggested that the shift to earlier Masses was also a result of rising crime rates in the 1970s and 1980s, when many places were concerned with safety, and reluctant to venture out in the dark. That may still be a concern in many places in this country. And elsewhere, too. One woman posted: “In Kingston, Jamaica, where I'm from, my mother is wary of going to Midnight Mass because of the violence in the city. So attending an earlier mass is convenient for her and safer.”
Families are obviously under great stress at Christmas. “Christmas is a very busy, stressful time, especially for mothers,” said one. “Balancing the family's needs and schedule (pre-teen, teen, college, married children) to attend Christmas Mass as a family can be a challenge. Choosing a time that ‘works’ for mom and dad to celebrate as a family is insignificant, if it is at 4 PM, 10 PM or midnight. Celebrate, family, and Christ is what matters.” (Timing is also a concern for the elderly: even Pope Benedict XVI celebrated Midnight Mass last year at 10 PM.)
But perhaps we also need to look at the cultural reasons that make so many Christian families so stressed and, in a sense, unable to attend Masses on Christmas Day. Is increasing consumerism, and the emphasis on more gifts, forcing families to choose the earlier and earlier Masses?
Some people who posted were concerned: “I do think that all the Vigil Masses--as necessary as they might be (and we take advantage of them often)--lead to a get-it-out-of-the-way attitude,” one woman wrote. Another coined an interesting phrase. “We have become a ‘Christmas Eve culture,’” he wrote, “perhaps an outgrowth of 'rushing the season.' Christmas Day, especially Christmas morning has become sacrosanct to families, for opening presents, laying around in pajamas, etc.”
Do earlier Masses change anyone’s experience of the Feast? “In San Francisco and in Oakland,” one person posted, “most Christmas Masses start at 10:00 PM--which I feel takes away from the mystery and solemnity of Christmas, and I for one, would appreciate a return to the Midnight Mass.”
To round out the discussion, let’s return to Fr. Baldovin, who not only understands liturgical history but has a realistic understanding of the stresses placed on families this time of year. Are Masses being moved up earlier on the 24th? “Absolutely,” he said. “More and more, you’ll find churches empty on Christmas Day. People want to get it out of the way. They want to have morning of Christmas for opening presents.”
“But I’m a realist and I understand,” he said. “It works for most people’s schedules and it is one of the few times when families can go to church together. And there’s a real value there.”
“Once you allow for vigil Masses, however,” said Fr. Baldovin, “there may be a good question to ask: Is convenience the most important consideration?”
What do you think? I'm curious.
I, for one, would welcome a more solemn, silent, and stark celebration of the Nativity.
Our ''Family Mass'' (Vigil) on Christmas Eve is packed - attendance at Christmas morning is mostly the elderly, but is fairly well-attended, but Midnight Mass is a mix - normally families with slightly older children, middle-agers, etc. - from both the Anglo and Hispanic families.
But, more importantly, I think it might help to reveal that the circumstances that once made the Midnight Mass so popular are no longer extant. Namely, the fast that long obtained on Christmas Eve, and the Tridentine rules requiring a Eucharistic fast after midnight and also against celebrating Mass after noon. Thus, Midnight Mass allowed people to break the two fasts quickly. This is a great example of how the precept-oriented culture of the juridical side of the Church fed popular culture. In any event, those days are gone with the wind.
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It would be interesting to learn about Catholic Christmas customs in other countries, particularly regarding the time of celebration.
Midnight Mass? I don't think people would appreciate going back to that at this point, because it's inconvenient for us, especially those of us with children who will be up very early in the morning. I think we can be just as pious and uplifted a couple of hours earlier, and retire before midnight!
I'm with Beth on the first post. If we can change masses to accomodate the secular, we can change masses to accomodate what's really important about Christmas. I'm a traditionalist, for sure, but I'd be willing to give up December 25th to Santa Claus.