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Welcoming Anglicans

The move announced by Cardinal William Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, on Oct. 20 caught everyone by surprise. The C.D.F. has dramatically streamlined the canonical procedures for full reception of whole Anglican parishes and dioceses into the Catholic Church. But even with plans for “personal ordinariates,” for the retention of what the cardinal called the Anglican “liturgical patrimony” and for the reception of married priests, questions remain. We might consider a few that pertain to the United States.

To begin with, what is the canonical status of a personal ordinariate? Will its bishop be a full member of an episcopal conference, like the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops? Likewise, what will be the place of married priests within the church? It is easy to imagine a young Catholic man who wishes to marry and be ordained simply entering an Anglican seminary. Other questions concern the reception of individual Anglicans. For over two decades, the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults has been the mandated way in the United States to prepare members of other Christian communities for reception into the full communion of the Catholic Church. But with the wholesale admission of dioceses and parishes, will the “new Catholics” know much about their new faith? If not, will confusion be sown among the faithful?

Finally, is this a political move? If not, then why has the Vatican lowered the canonical bar for entrance for another traditionalist group (as with the Society of St. Pius X) while at the same time raising more hurdles for progressives (as with women religious in this country) who have spent their entire lives working for the Catholic Church and have accepted Vatican discipline on controverted matters? The Vatican also needs to avoid conveying the impression that we are opportunistically welcoming Anglicans simply because some of them oppose women priests and openly gay clergy. We hope answers will be found in the forthcoming apostolic constitution.

Morality in the Marketplace

Where did all that TARP money go? Some of it was well spent, fending off, as most economists now agree, a wholesale collapse of the U.S. economy. Without the bailout money given to some of the largest banks, credit would have been even more difficult to extend to companies and individuals, consumer confidence would have plummeted further, and the country could have seen a feared “run on the banks.” So part of TARP made sense.

But not all of TARP made sense. Thanks to the safety net provided by public funding, some of the profits resulting from TARP are being used to line the pockets of the chief executive officers of those same banks, which are now reporting profits and planning for bonus payments. Goldman Sachs, for example, set aside $16.7 billion dollars for bonuses for 2009. During a panel discussion in London recently, Lord Brian Griffiths, a Goldman executive, explained, apparently with a straight face, why bonuses are necessary: “We have to tolerate the inequality as a way to achieve greater prosperity and opportunity for all.”

Even in the face of popular ire, the U.S. government may have little say over bank bonuses, despite the laudable efforts of Kenneth Feinberg, President Obama’s “compensation czar.” Most bank C.E.O.’s and top-level executives will probably not be cowed by the government. Apparently they are happy to “tolerate the inequality” for some time longer, even when their gains are the result of public funding and a large percentage of that public is still unemployed.

Genocide Trial for Karadzic

The Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, whose trial was scheduled to begin in the Hague, Netherlands, on Oct. 26, has refused to attend, claiming the need for further time to prepare his defense. He faces two counts of ethnic-based genocide for Serb atrocities against Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat civilians during the 1992-95 Bosnian war. The war crimes include the shelling of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a four-year siege that cost the lives of some 10,000 civilians, and the slaughter of 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys of Srebrenica in 1995.

Karadzic evaded arrest for a dozen years before his capture in July 2008. Disguised by a bushy white beard and thick glasses, he worked in a private clinic in Belgrade as a practitioner of alternative medicine. In an unsuccessful effort to avoid prosecution, Karadzic claimed that then-U.S. envoy Richard Holbrooke had promised him immunity in 1996 in exchange for leaving politics. Holbrooke has denied any such agreement. The genocides underscore the importance of the doctrine of the responsibility to protect, with its emphasis not only on a sovereign state’s responsibility to protect its citizens, but also the responsibility of the international community to intervene when a state fails to do so. The doctrine exists precisely because of mass atrocities like those in the former Yugoslavia.