More than 40 people were massacred on Nov. 15 during a guerrilla attack on the Cathedral of Alindao and an adjoining compound.

From Rome, Pope Francis had a pointed message for world leaders gathered to mark the armistice ending World War I: “It seems that we do not learn!”

War experience, and trauma more generally, can be an assault not only on one’s physical sense of safety, but on one’s social, moral, and spiritual conception of the world.

Lawrence’s triumphant arrival in Damascus in 1918 might be said to have been the spark that ultimately ignited a powder keg of factional rivalries and distrust.

Jews worldwide will remember the 80th anniversary of Kristallnacht.